session 2

Title: Threat and Use of Force in the Context of Space Activities
type: oral
Description: Despite the desire to contribute to the use of outer space for peaceful purposes proclaimed by the Preamble of the Outer Space Treaty, Earth orbits are only partly demilitarized and can be used for defense purposes. This session analyses legal aspects of the threat and use of force in the context of space activities involving rendezvous and proximity operations. It focuses on the growing tendency to build up counterspace capabilities and discusses the legal consequences of ASAT-tests is space, especially in view of the due regard principle of the Outer Space Treaty. The session also addresses the use of large constellations in armed conflicts.
Date: 2025-09-30
Time: 10:15
Room: Room C2.3

IPC members

Co-Chair: Prof. Dale Stephens, University of Adelaide, Australia;
Co-Chair: Mr. Duncan Blake, UNSW Canberra, Australia;
Rapporteur: Dr. Ciara Finnegan, Ireland;

papers
Order	Time	Paper title	Mode	Presentation status	Speaker	Affiliation	Country
1	10:15	Cosmic Force: A Framework for Applying the Prohibition of the Use of Force in Outer Space	10		Dr. Erin Pobjie	University of Essex	United Kingdom
2	10:25	The Geopolitics of Cislunar Counterspace: How to Prevent a Lunar Blockade	10		Dr. Diego Guerra	Blue Origin LLC	United States
3	10:35	The use of radio frequencies and satellite orbits for military purposes from the ITU perspective: current status, pressing issues and prospects for solution	10		Ms. Elina Morozova	Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications	Russian Federation
4	10:45	When does a state become a participant in an armed conflict due to their private space activities? For the answer, look to International Humanitarian Law rather than Space Law	10		Prof. Andrea Harrington	Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University	Canada
5	10:55	Is there a Future for the ICRC Recommendation to Separate Military and Civilian Uses of Satellites to Reduce the ‘Human Cost’ of Military Operations in Outer Space?	10		Dr. Ciara Finnegan		Ireland
6	11:05	Exploring the Military-Civilian Dichotomy in Dual-Use Satellites	10		Ms. Rhea Sideris	University of London	United Kingdom
7	11:15	Foundational Legal Concepts and Principles Governing RPO	10		Mr. Christopher Johnson	Secure World Foundation	United States
8	11:25	Harmful Interference,Intervention and Use of Force in Space Activities	10		Prof. Setsuko Aoki	Keio University	Japan
9	11:35	Outer Space as a Military Domain, the Law and the Woomera Manual	10		Prof. Frans G. Von der Dunk	University of Nebraska, College of Law	The Netherlands
10	11:45	Preventing the Weaponization of Space: Responsible Behaviors and the Path to Global Consensus	10		Dr. Nayoung Youn	Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)	Korea, Republic of
11	11:55	Legitimate Targets and Means of Attack in Jus in Bello Spacialis: When and How Could Dual-Use Space Objects be Attacked?	10	confirmed	Mr. Arpit Gupta		India
12	12:05	Dual-Use Satellites: Friend or Foe?	10		Dr. Anne-Sophie Martin	Sapienza University of Rome	Italy
1*	10:15	A fresh look at the right of self-defence in outer space	10		Dr. Fabio Tronchetti	Northumbria University	United Kingdom
2*	10:25	Rethinking the Movement Against the Weaponization of Outer Space and Possible Ways Out	10		Prof. YONGLIANG YAN	Beijing Jiaotong University	China
3*	10:35	State Responsibility in Orbital Conflicts-Legal Implications of Cyber-Enabled Counterspace Operations Under the Outer Space Treaty	10		Dr. Diane Howard	International Institute of Space Law (IISL)	United States
4*	10:45	Regulatory considerations of Lagrange Points for times of conflict	10	confirmed	Mr. Thomas Green		Australia
5*	10:55	(De)militarization Creep in Outer Space and Comparative Lessons from Svalbard, Antarctica and the Åland Islands	10		Mr. Andrew Simon-Butler	Outer Space Institute	Canada
6*	11:05	Shifting Space Security Narratives and Jus ad Bellum in Outer Space	10		Dr. Rebecca Connolly	The University of Sydney	Australia
7*	11:15	challenges of the application of the Law of the armed conflict to cyberwarfare in outer space	10		Ms. Zamara Rodriguez	Space Industry Association of Australia	Australia
8*	11:25	A New International Order of Outer Space?	10		Dr. Ana Soliz de Stange		Germany

session 2

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